Formal-analytic arithmetic surfaces are arithmetic analogues of germs of formal surfaces along a proper curve over some base field, in the same way as arithmetic surfaces are analogues of projective algebraic surfaces over some base field. It is possible to develop a calculus on formal-analytic arithmetic surfaces, involving Hermitian vector bundles and suitably defined arithmetic intersection numbers à la Arakelov. This calculus admits applications to finiteness results concerning the étale fundamental group of arithmetic surfaces, notably of integral models of modular curves. This is joint work with F. Charles.
Links:
[1] https://www.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/taxonomy/term/39
[2] https://www.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/node/3444
[3] https://www.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/faltings70